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Link rowid artifactNumber ObjectName GeneralDescription model SerialNumber Manufacturer ManuCountry ManuProvince ManuCity BeginDate EndDate date_qualifier patent NumberOfComponents ArtifactFinish ContextCanada ContextFunction ContextTechnical group1 category1 subcategory1 group2 category2 subcategory2 group3 category3 subcategory3 ▲ material Length Width Height Thickness Weight Diameter image thumbnail
2003 2003 1966.0993.026 Plate printing wood block; metal plate.     James Bros. Foundry Canada Ontario Perth 1921   after   26 Metal (copper ?) plate mounted on hardwood block. George James and D. Reid operated a foundry machine and hardware shop at 2 Gore St. E. Perth ON c. 1910 and were able to manufacture sell and repair many of their own products. Lawrence James later joined the company: after 1921 it became known as James Brothers. (ref. 2) Carries 2-dimensional image to be reproduced by a printing press. Printing plate found with others depicting 'James Bros. Foundry' products. May have been mfd. by James Bros. as part of their hardware line. Printing Image carriers Relief Agriculture Barns & buildings   Non-motorized Ground Transportation Human powered Wheeled vehicles wood->;metal->copper - possible 9.6 5.2 2.2       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1966.0993.026.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1966.0993.026.aa.cs.thumb.png  
102662 102662 2010.0170.001 Wagon Wood body superstructure wheels axles parts/ Wood and metal undercarriage/ Wood wheels with metal hubs tires parts Bain   Massey-Harris Co. Canada Ontario Woodstock 1900   circa   4 Exterior body painted green/ Superstructure and interior painted red/ Metal finish obscured by corrosion Massey-Harris expanded their product line by representing or taking over smaller companies. The Bain Wagon Company was founded in Brantford Ontario c.1880 but a short while later after its purchase by MH production was moved to Woodstock Ontario. Given the boosterism that was prevalent at that time it would appear that the city fathers of Woodstock were more willing to provide tax incentives that those of Brantford who already had a well-established agricultural equipment manufacturing infrastructure. By the 1890s Bain was arguably the largest wagon and sleigh manufacturer in Canada. In order to be able to offer wagons and sleighs to their rapidly expanding client base and rather than having to invest in the equipment required to manufacture them at their Toronto factories MH simply purchased Bain. Generally the period of the 1890s was characterized as one of consolidations with the other prime example being the conglomerate that became the International Harvester Company. Unlike IHC MH originated in Canada and only much later set up a manufacturing base in the US to better access the American market. Both companies clearly took advantage of the protection afforded by tariff barriers and the establishment of branch plant operations when it suited their corporate bottom-line. As an interesting side-note at about the same time there was also a Bain Wagon Company actively building wagons and sleighs in Kenosha Wisconsin. The wagon came from the Hunta Heritage Museum via Reinhart Auctions. The Hunta Heritage Museum has been in existence since at least the 1980s. It was born of the private collection of Jerry and Phyllis Miller. What in the 1980s was a "bunch of old stuff" stored and displayed at their farm outside Hunta by the 1990s had become a "pioneer village" development closer to Hunta that was made up of recreated buildings packed full of period objects. Because much of the larger equipment was displayed inside at both locations the wooden objects such as this wagon/rack fared much better than others … Stock rack wagons were used by farmers to haul livestock to a slaughterhouse or show or as hay wagons to haul loose hay or remove manure primarily by livery stables etc. Stock rack wagons were a common vehicle style when beef cattle were still being hauled to a sale barn or to a slaughterhouse by horse-drawn vehicle. They were used to haul livestock in circumstances where a full rail cattle car load was not feasible or where the slaughterhouse did not have access to a rail siding. They were also used when farmers needed to haul a number of cattle to a show such as the Royal Winter Fair. Their use as hay wagons was primarily by contractors or by larger livery stables. The supply of large quantities of loose hay and the removal of equally large amounts manure were two necessities for the many livery companies that were a common feature of Canada's urban centres. A contractor would have been hired to act as a middleman between farmer supplier and livery stable end-user in the purchase and haulage of hay. The current transportation tool for the transportation of a similar number of cattle is a tandem axle stock truck. They have a wider and longer wheelbase than a regular heavy-duty farm wagon in order to increase capacity and to reduce any side to side rocking that might occur when the livestock shifted or when the vehicle encountered a bump in the road. The sides of the box portion of the outfit are much lower than those on a regular single box wagon. They are equipped with high side racks to which the stock could be tied and that also served to prevent the animals from escaping. Though they have the heavy felloes and tires common to medium to heavy weight wagon gears they have a slightly smaller wheel diameter in order to lower the wheelbase to facilitate loading and unloading stock and loose hay. In their use for hauling loose hay the high sides of the open rack were canted out allowing a larger load to be transported without the risk of it dumping along the way. Agriculture Animal husbandry Cattle Agriculture Crop handling Transportation Non-motorized Ground Transportation Animal powered Wheeled vehicles wood;metal 424 170   217.0 cm          
97665 97665 2005.0217.001 Pump water & steam All metal construction (lightly rusted); rubber [?] or vulcanite [?] gasket visible on one end; gasket may contain asbestos. 6 X 4 X 7 10022 Northey Mfg. Co. Ltd. Canada Ontario Toronto 1900   circa   1 All metal construction (lightly rusted); rubber [?] or vulcanite [?] gasket visible on one end; gasket may contain asbestos. Cette pompe √† eau fait partie de la propri√©t√© acquise par Mr Brown en ao√ªt 1997 √† l'endroit nomm√© actuellement Bedford Mills. Situ√© dans le comt√© de Frontenac au sud-ouest d¬íOttawa le canton de Bedford est repr√©sentatif d'activit√©s industrielles suivies pendant plus d¬íun si√®cle soit de 1820 √† 1924 environ sous l¬íinitiative de la famille Tett. Originaire d'Angleterre Benjamin Tett arrive au Canada en 1820 et oeuvre d'abord dans la construction du canal Rideau. Il s'√©tablit ensuite √† Perth et devient en 1836 propri√©taire √† bail d¬íun moulin de provende qu'il √©rige √† Buttermilk Fall. En 1847 il s'associe √† George Chaffey pour former la Tett Forwarding Company dont les installations situ√©es √† Bedford Kingston et Brockville se sp√©cialisent dans la construction de navires barges et remorqueurs. √Ä cette m√™me √©poque Tett loue la propri√©t√© de Bedford aux fr√®res John George et William Chaffey lesquels y construisent des moulins un magasin g√©n√©ral et s¬íengagent √©galement dans la coupe du bois. Les planches √©taient transport√©es par des voitures tir√©s par des boeufs et ensuite envoy√©es √† bord d¬íun bateau √† vapeur de fret vers les √âtats-Unis o√π elles √©taient utilis√©es dans l'industrie de la tonnellerie. En plus d'√™tre actif en politique de 1850 √† 1870 Benjamin Tett alors propri√©taire de 16 000 acres de terrain dans le canton de Bedford y √©tablit en outre un moulin √† scie et dirige toutes les op√©rations de coupe du bois d'extraction de mines de fer de construction navale et de transport des produits par voie d¬íeau vers les √âtats-Unis ceci pratiquement jusqu¬í√† sa mort en 1878. Ses deux fils Benjamin et John continuent les op√©rations de la compagnie tout en y ajoutant l¬íexploitation du mica la construction d¬íun barrage en vue de la production d'√©lectricit√© et la fabrication du fromage. Apparemment ces activit√©s prennent fin peu apr√®s 1920. Les recherches historiques et arch√©ologiques portant sur le parc provincial Frontenac situ√© au Nord de Ki…   Il s'agit d¬íune pompe √† vapeur de type duplex fonctionnant par l¬íaction r√©ciproque de deux cylindres de pompage parall√®les. Cette pompe peut √™tre associ√©e au type duplex comprenant deux cylindres de pompage parall√®les ¬ñ l'un pour la vapeur l'autre pour l'eau ¬ñ caract√©ris√©s par un mouvement synchronis√©e de va¬ñet¬ñvient. Invent√© par l'Am√©ricain Henry R. Worthington en 1840 ce type de pompe est encore en usage aujourd¬íhui alors que la vapeur est remplac√©e par de l¬íair comprim√©. Dans la pompe qui nous int√©resse la vapeur p√©n√®tre dans le syst√®me par la chambre de gauche o√π la valve glisse d'un c√¥t√© √† l'autre sur les tuyaux d'amen√©e et d'√©chappement. La pompe √† eau du c√¥t√© droit comprend dans la partie inf√©rieures deux valves servant d¬íamen√©es d¬íeau alors que les deux valves situ√©es dans la partie sup√©rieure servent de d√©charge. [Ref. 1] Industrial Technology Power sources Pumps Industrial Technology Power sources Steam Industrial Technology Power sources Water metal->;resin->rubber - possible;resin->vulcanite - possible;stone - possible->asbestos - possible 128 60 52       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2005.0217.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2005.0217.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
25545 25545 1979.0312.001 Test set specific gravity GLASS FLASK & THERMOMETER/ BRASS CUP & LID & TOP OF FLASK/ WOODEN CASE 31 (ON FLASK & CUP)   Unknown Unknown             1 CASE HAS BLACK LACQUERED FINISH/ GLASS IS CLEAR & BRASS HAS PLAIN FINISH   TO MEASURE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF MILK   Agriculture Dairying Test equipment Agriculture Research Food Chemistry Test-measurement equipment Volume measurement equipment glass->;metal->brass;wood 28.8 14.7 12.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1979.0312.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1979.0312.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
51206 51206 1988.1101.001 Dendrometer METAL/ GLASS/ LEATHER SPEIGEL RELASKOP 15433 FEINMECHANISCHE-OPTISCHE Austria   Salzburg       AUSTRIAN PATENT NO. 172305 2 GREEN SPECKLED PAINT/ BLACK EYEPIECE & STRAP   USED TO MEASURE BASAL AREA DIAMETER OF STANDING TREES AT ANY HEIGHT TOTAL TREE HEIGHT & AVERAGE STAND HEIGHT. ALSO MEASURES PLUS OR MINUS VERTICAL ANGLES MAKES TOPOGRAPHIC CORRECTONS & MEASURES DIRECT TREE-FORM HEIGHT RUGGEDLY CONSTRUCTED LIGHT & SMALL MAKES IT USEFUL FOR FORESTRY FIELD WORK/ IMPROVED LIGHTING IN DESIGN MAKES IT EASIER TO USE Forestry Harvesting Measuring Forestry Silviculture Measuring Exploration and Survey Measurement-angles Vertical metal;glass 13.5 6.5 4.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1988.1101.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1988.1101.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
86716 86716 2002.0094.001 Bag medical & instruments .1 BAG HAS WOODEN FRAME; LEATHER COVERING ON EXTERIOR INSTRUMENT HOLDER FLAPS AND ON SELECTED OTHER AREAS OF INTERIOR; COATED PAPER COVERING ON SOME INTERNAL SURFACES; METAL HARWARE & FASTENINGS..2-.5 WOODEN DRAWERS & DRAWER SLIDES..6-.16 RESIN (INCLUDING VULCANITE) METAL (INCLUDING STEEL & COPPER) & WOOD (EBONY?)     STEVENS J. & SON England   London 1850 1875 circa   16 .1 BLACK PEBBLE-TEXTURED BAG HAS SILVER METAL SLIDE LOCKS ON BOTH ACCESS FLAPS; INTERIOR IS LARGELY BLACK; REVERSE SIDE OF FLAPS OVER INSTRUMENT HOLDERS IS DARK BROWN..2-.5 DRAWERS ARE BLACK..6 SILVER METAL SPECULUM..7 DARK BROWN MOULDED RESIN PESSARY..8 COPPER CURETTE HAS DARK BROWN RESIN OR WOOD HANDLE WITH CROSS-HATCHED PATTERN..9 SILVER METAL BLADE; TURNED BLACK WOOD (EBONY ?) HANDLE. * CONT'D IN SUPP. INFO. PART OF A LARGE COLLECTION OF MEDICAL ARTIFACTS ARCHIVAL MATERIAL & TRADE LITERATURE TRANSFERRED TO CSTM IN 2002 FROM THE FORMER HISTORY OF MEDICINE MUSEUM TORONTO ON. BAG USED TO STORE PROTECT AND TRANSPORT MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS AND SELECTED SUPPLIES AND MEDICATIONS FOR USE BY HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS WHEN TRAVELLING OUTSIDE A MEDICAL FACILITY. EARLY MEDICAL BAG CONTAINING ASSORTMENT OF GYNECOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS MOST PROBABLY MFD. C. LATE 18TH C. (CHANDLER INSTRUMENTS) TO 1880S. (REF. 3) Medical Technology Medical equipment Medical supplies Medical Technology Instruments Diagnostic Medical Technology Instruments Treatment wood->ebony;skin->leather;resin->vulcanite;metal->steel;metal->copper;paper 36.5 13 21       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2002.0094.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2002.0094.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
105115 105115 2012.0025.009 Sticker Blue and black abstract pattern mounted on transparent synthetic backing; sticker mounted on white paper; white and red paper backing has black white red and yellow text and graphics; whole enclosed in clear synthetic sleeve. MuchMusic   Unknown Canada     2005       12 Blue and black abstract pattern mounted on transparent synthetic backing; sticker mounted on white paper; white and red paper backing has black white red and yellow text and graphics; whole enclosed in clear synthetic sleeve.   Decorative element.   Communications Radio Receivers & transmitters Communications Telephony Telephones Printing Printed specimens Transfer synthetic;paper 10 5.5         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2012.0025.009.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2012.0025.009.aa.cs.thumb.png  
61827 61827 1992.1777.001 Print PAPER/ ENCAPSULATED IN SYNTHETIC CHAS. H. BRIGHTLY DIVIDING ENGINE   SWITZER D.       1984       1 MULTI-COLOURED PAPER PRINT ILLUSTRATES A DIVIDING ENGINE THAT WAS USED IN CANADA BY THE THOMAS POCKLINGTON INSTRUMENTS CO. OF TORONTO FROM C.1940 TO 1970. USED TO ILLUSTRATE A DIVIDING ENGINE WORKING AND TO INDICATE ITS PARTS ILLUSTRATES A RELATIVELY RARE TYPE OF MACHINE USED FOR PRECISE MEASURING (SEE 921776) Metrology Archives Precision tools Exploration and Survey Archives Instrument testing Industrial Technology Archives Tools-machine paper;synthetic 67.5 56         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1992.1777.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1992.1777.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
43824 43824 1986.0855.001 Creaser STEEL BLADE & SHAFT; METAL COLLAR; WOODEN HANDLE     Unknown Unknown             1 TURNED WOOD HANDLE   TO IMPRINT LINES ON SURFACE OF LEATHER BY MEANS OF BLUNT BLADE. THIS IS DONE FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES OR TO PRODUCE A GUIDELINE FOR SEWING. (SALAMAN P.246) THE SINGLE CREASE CAN BE USED IN AREAS A FENCED CREASE CANNOT IE. IN THE CENTRE OF A LARGE PIECE OF LEATHER OR ON A STRAP. THEY ARE NOT USUALLY HEATED AS ARE OTHER CREASE TOOLS USED TO MARK DARKER HEAVIER OR MORE PERMANENT LINES. Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Shoemaker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal->steel;wood 15.6 4 3       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1986.0855.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1986.0855.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
51110 51110 1988.1038.001 Punch set STEEL PUNCHES/ LEATHER BELT HOLDER WITH METAL HARDWARE     Unknown Unknown             13 PUNCHES PAINTED WHITE ON THREE SIDES AND RED ON ONE SIDE USED IN CANADA USED TO IMPRINT A NUMBER OR LETTER ON AN OBJECT BY MEANS OF A HAMMER BLOW ON ONE END   Forestry Harvesting Marking Forestry Lumbering Miscellaneous Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal->steel;skin->leather 100 9 3       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1988.1038.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1988.1038.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
57628 57628 1991.0610.001 Muller GLASS     Unknown Unknown             6 ALL GREEN - 'FROSTED' FINISH OWNED AND USED BY R. FOURNIER A QUEBEC LITHOGRAPHER USED IN LITHOGRAPHY TO GRAIN A LITHOGRAPHIC PLATE. THIS IS DONE BY GRINDING THE SURFACE WITH SAND UNDER THE MULLER. THE MULLER IS MOVED ABOUT ALL OVER IT IN SMALL CIRCLES. [REF.1]/ MULLERS CAN ALSO BE USED TO GRIND AND MIX PIGMENT INTO PAINT. [REF.2]   Printing Platemaking Planographic Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Painter Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools glass   1.7 1.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1991.0610.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1991.0610.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
61826 61826 1992.1776.001 Engine dividing CAST IRON/ STEEL/ BRASS/ SILVER     Brightly Charles H. United States of America Pennsylvania Philadelphia 1890       1 TABLE EXCEPT TOP SURFACE PAINTED GREY. BRASS SURFACES LACQUERED USED BY A CANADIAN FIRM IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS. THE FIRM THOMAS POCKLINGTON INSTRUMENTS CO. OF TORONTO BOUGHT THE DIVIDING ENGINE C.1939. IT WAS USED MOST HEAVILY DURING WWII. THE COMPANY WENT INTORECEIVERSHIP IN 1992 [REF.1]. USED TO DIVIDE THE CIRCULAR SCALES OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS SUCH AS OCTANTS SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS ETC. A RELATIVELY RARE TYPE OF MACHINE- TO THE END OF THE 19C ONLY ABOUT 50 HAD BEEN MADE. PRECISION REQUIRED WAS 1 TO 40 000 INCH. UNTIL C.1880 DIVIDING ENGINES WERE THE MOST PRECISE MACHINE MADE. AT THAT TIME RELATED MACHINES USED TO EXECUTE SPECTROSCOPIC GRATINGS SURPASSED THIE PRECISION OF SCALE DIVIDING ENGINES [REF.1] Metrology Precision tools   Exploration and Survey Instrument testing equipment Miscellaneous Industrial Technology Tools-Machine Tools metal->iron;metal->steel;metal->brass;metal->silver 160 120 93       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1992.1776.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1992.1776.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
86236 86236 2001.0556.001 Picaroon wood; iron (?)     MacMillan Bloedel Ltd. Canada British columbia Chemainus 1983   before   1 Wooden handle (possibly hickory) retains some areas of yellow painted finish; forged iron[?] head From Mill No. 4 at Chemainus B.C.. Built in 1925 by the Victoria Lumber & Mfg. Co. Mill No. 4 was bought c. 1944 by H.R. MacMillan and operated as a MacMillan business (becoming after 1951 MacMillan Bloedel) until 1982 when it was closed and dismantled. In 1984 a new and modern mill was built in Chemainus: as of 2001 it was still in operation. In social and economic terms. Mill No. 4 represents the apex of industrial development in Chemainus in a sector of paramount importance to both the community and the province. Maximum production was 1 million board feet of lumber over a 24-hr period with three continuous shifts employing a total 1000 people. (The current mill employs 150 people and processes about 450 000 board feet a day) Mill No. 4 was also a part of an industrial continuum with roots dating back to the pioneer period of settlement on Vancouver Island. (Ref. 1) Used to manipulate a log by pushing and/or pulling it. Specifically this picaroon used to handle cut lumber one piece at a time. Picaroons (also called Hookaroons) are used by loggers mill workers carpenters rail workers and other trade workers. Picaroons simplify moving logs and other large timbers by hand; they have a number of other uses including removing debris from hazardous locations. Picaroons appear to have been widely used at the Chemainus mill. One page of the 24 page "Employee Information Handbook" advises users how to safely handle a picaroon. The tool appears frequently in photos of workers at MB's Chemainus mill. (ref. 3) This picaroon was made in the Blacksmith's Shop at Chemainus and was one of the last handmade items produced there. Picaroons were used (with pike poles) throughout the mill to clear lumber jams or just to "pull lumber" as in Green chain. The tool was a hooked extension of the hand except safer to introduce into crowded areas. (Ref. 4) Forestry Lumbering Miscellaneous Forestry Harvesting Trimming & cleaning Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools wood->hickory - possible;metal->iron - possible 47 10 3.2       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2001.0556.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2001.0556.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
96293 96293 2004.1612.001 Gauge marking cast iron (?) 85   Stearns E.C. & Co. United States of America New york Syracuse 1890 1930 circa   1 Cast iron (?) nickel plated. Part of a collection of hand tools belonging to James Anthony (1883-1966) an English born and trained carpenter who came to Canada c. 1910 and worked in and around Ottawa ON. Following the 1916 fire which destroyed the Parliament buildings and damaged the Library Mr. Anthony was hired as a foreman with the restoration crews. Until 1920 he was involved in the rebuilding of the Peace Tower and the installation of new windows at the Library of Parliament. He later worked with various builders in the Ottawa area retiring in the late1940s. After his death in 1966 the tools were given to his son Jack who in turn donated them to CSTMC. [Ref. 1] Used to mark the seatings for butt hinges on doors. When the cutter (or spur) is set for gauging on the edge of the door the cutter on the opposite end of the rod is automatically set for marking from the back of the jamb. (Ref. 3) Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Carpenter Metrology Length   Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal->cast-iron - possible 7.1 3.9 4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2004.1612.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2004.1612.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
99640 99640 2008.0174.002 Wrench Bright silver metal finish.     Exercycle Corp. United States of America New york   1958       3 Bright silver metal finish.   Used for assembling dismantling and/or adjusting an object. This wrench used for assembling .1 Exercycle and manipulating gear oil plug.   Medical Technology Patient care & aids for the disabled Miscellaneous Non-motorized Ground Transportation Cycles & cycling Miscellaneous Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 16 4.1 1.2       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2008.0174.002.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2008.0174.002.aa.cs.thumb.png  
99641 99641 2008.0174.003 Wrench Bright silver metal finish.     Exercycle Corp. United States of America New york   1958       3 Bright silver metal finish.   Used for assembling dismantling and/or adjusting an object. This wrench used for assembling and/or adjusting pedals on .1 Exercycle.   Medical Technology Patient care & aids for the disabled Miscellaneous Non-motorized Ground Transportation Cycles & cycling Miscellaneous Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 13.2 3         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2008.0174.003.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2008.0174.003.aa.cs.thumb.png  
102323 102323 2009.0360.001 Screwdriver Bright silver metal slot head screwdriver has octagonal-shaped distal end; midsection is ribbed to improve grip. 3   Unknown Japan             1 Bright silver metal slot head screwdriver has octagonal-shaped distal end; midsection is ribbed to improve grip. Among items owned and used by Fred Phipps a professional photographer based in Toronto and employed by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Mr. Phipps studied photography at Ryerson Polytechnic Institute. Running short of funds he left the program before graduation in January 1957 to take a job with the CBC photography department. He remained with the CBC for almost 35 years during which he worked as a staff photographer and as National Photo Editor. After retirement in 1992 he continued to produce photos for the CBC as a freelancer. Over his long career Mr. Phipps completed thousands of portraits and candid photos of CBC personalities and productions (e.g. David Suzuki Foster Hewitt Joe Schlesinger Front Page Challenge The Beachcombers Friendly Giant Mr. Dressup Seeing Things). These were circulated to print media for publicity purposes or were used internally as ¬ìID slides¬î for on-air program promotion. Attracted by the Leica¬ís reputation for craftsmanship and excellent optics Mr. Phipps purchased his M4-P around 1982 from Toronto Camera Exchange (Rutherford Photographic). Although Mr. Phipps was also using Nikon and Hasselblad SLRs at the time he liked his MP-4 for use in the television studio because its quiet operation (without winder) was less likely to be picked up by microphones. This was a feature that Leica promoted in its marketing of the M4-P. With its bright high contrast viewfinder and fitted with the Summilux 35 mm f/1.4 lens the camera was also excellent for shooting in available studio light where a flash would again have been disruptive. Offering a wide angle of view and good depth of field the Summilux was his preferred lens for candid studio shots where he wished to show the performers in context. Its optics were so good that a 35 mm negative could be enlarged to 16x20 inches with minimal grain. [Ref. 1] Used to insert and tighten or to remove miniature slot-head screws by applying pressure while turning them. This jeweller's screwdriver presumably used for fine adjustment of camera equipment. Photography Still camera accessories Miscellaneous Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Jewellery maker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 8.6           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2009.0360.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2009.0360.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
103266 103266 2010.0493.002 Handle edge shave Wooden handle brass ferrule 5   Dixon J. Unknown     1900   circa   2 Wooden handle with a brown finish. The handle has two sets of three lines incised for decoration. There is a brass ferrule at the end of the handle. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used for shaving and smoothing edges. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal->brass;wood 14 3.2 3.2       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0493.002.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0493.002.aa.cs.thumb.png  
103290 103290 2010.0517.001 Creaser edge Wooden handle leather strip string metal shank and head.     Unknown Unknown     1900   circa   1 Wooden handle with a brown finish. A strip of leather string is wrapped around the handle and metal shank and is fastened by a silver nail. There is a curved metal shank and head. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used for making ornamental lines. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal->;wood->;skin->leather;fibre 13.8 3 4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0517.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0517.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
103737 103737 2010.0717.002 Die metal M2   Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   4 Polished silver. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used with the rivet setter. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 2.5         1.6 cm http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.002.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.002.aa.cs.thumb.png  
103738 103738 2010.0717.003 Die metal     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   4 Polished silver. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used with the rivet setter. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 1.6         1.5 cm http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.003.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.003.aa.cs.thumb.png  
103739 103739 2010.0717.004 Die metal     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   4 Polished silver. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used with the rivet setter. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 3.4           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.004.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.004.aa.cs.thumb.png  
103740 103740 2010.0718.001 Machine skiving metal     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Cast metal with evidence of black lacquer. Metal is corroded. Brass roller. Shredded newspaper glued to one side of a leg. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to split layers of leather into even thicknesses. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 31.5 13 21.8       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0718.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0718.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
103741 103741 2010.0719.001 Machine skiving metal     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Cast metal with evidence of black lacquer. Metal is corroded. Brass roller. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to split layers of leather into even thicknesses. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 18.5 11 19       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0719.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0719.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104324 104324 2010.0976.001 Setter rivet Ferrous metal.     Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal covered in a thin layer of rust. Riveting end is partially covered in rust and has a small hole to fit over rivet head and a concave groove. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. To burr and dome a rivet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 10.4 2.7 2.3       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0976.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0976.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104325 104325 2010.0977.001 Setter rivet Ferrous metal. 1   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal covered in a thin layer of rust. Riveting end is partially covered in rust and has a small hole to fit over rivet head. Octagonal shaped shank. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. To burr and dome a rivet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 10.2 1.6 1.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0977.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0977.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104326 104326 2010.0978.001 Setter rivet Ferrous metal.     Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal covered in a thin layer of rust. Riveting end is partially covered in rust and has a concave groove. Octagonal shaped shank. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. To burr and dome a rivet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 10.4 1.2 1.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0978.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0978.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104327 104327 2010.0979.001 Punch Ferrous metal.     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal covered in a thin layer of rust. Rounded point at one end and a striking head at the other. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history.   Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 6.9 1.5         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0979.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0979.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104328 104328 2010.0980.001 Punch button-hole Ferrous metal.     Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Tear-shaped hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Cuts a tear-shaped button hole with a slit to one side. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.6 2.4 1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0980.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0980.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104329 104329 2010.0981.001 Punch button-hole Ferrous metal.     Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Cuts a round button hole with a slit to one side. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.7 2.6         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0981.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0981.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104330 104330 2010.0982.001 Punch button-hole Ferrous metal.     Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Pear-shaped hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Cuts a pear-shaped button hole with a slit to one side. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.4 2.1 1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0982.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0982.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104331 104331 2010.0983.001 Punch button-hole Ferrous metal.     Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Cuts a round button hole with a slit to one side. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.4 1.9         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0983.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0983.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104332 104332 2010.0984.001 Punch Ferrous metal. 21   Adams Thomas Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.3 3.4 3.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0984.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0984.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104333 104333 2010.0985.001 Punch Ferrous metal. 11   Adams Thomas Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal mostly covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.4 1.9 1.9       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0985.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0985.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104334 104334 2010.0986.001 Punch Ferrous metal. 30   Adams Thomas Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal mostly covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.5 2 2.3       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0986.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0986.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104335 104335 2010.0987.001 Punch Ferrous metal. 20   Adams Thomas Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.3 1.1 1.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0987.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0987.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104336 104336 2010.0988.001 Punch Ferrous metal. 26   Adams Thomas Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.1 1.5 1.7       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0988.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0988.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104337 104337 2010.0989.001 Punch Ferrous metal. 30   Adams Thomas Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal with a few rust spots. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.7 1.8 2.3       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0989.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0989.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104338 104338 2010.0990.001 Pliers Ferrous metal.     Unknown Germany     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous silver metal. Articulated arms. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history.   Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.1 4.7         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0990.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0990.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104339 104339 2010.0991.001 Pliers Ferrous metal possibly nickel plated.     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous silver metal possibly nickel plated. Articulated arms; one end is a slot screwdriver tip and the other has a punch tip. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Specialized tool in harness making. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal->nickel - possible 11.2 4.1         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0991.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0991.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104340 104340 2010.0992.001 Pliers Ferrous metal 2   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Blackened ferrous metal with some rust spots. Articulated arms. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Specialized tool in harness making. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 16 4.9 1.3       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0992.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0992.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104341 104341 2010.0993.001 Pliers Ferrous metal     Osborne C.S. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Blackened ferrous metal with mostly covered in rust. Articulated arms. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Specialized tool in harness making. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 15.6 4.4 1.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0993.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0993.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104342 104342 2010.0994.001 Punch pliers Ferrous metal Bernard   SCHOLLHORN W. CO. United States of America Connecticut New haven 1900 1950 between   1 Blackened ferrous metal. Articulated arms. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to punch holes in leather. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 20.2 10 1.6       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0994.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0994.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104360 104360 2010.0999.001 Punch Ferrous metals 0   Dixon Thomas & Sons Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.8           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0999.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0999.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104361 104361 2010.1000.001 Punch Ferrous metals 25   Perrins A.T. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.9 1.4 1.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1000.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1000.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104362 104362 2010.1001.001 Punch Ferrous metals 31   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.6 2.1 2.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1001.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1001.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104363 104363 2010.1002.001 Punch Ferrous metals 29   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.8 1.9 2.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1002.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1002.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104364 104364 2010.1003.001 Punch Ferrous metals 25   Perrins A.T. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.8 1.3 1.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1003.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1003.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104365 104365 2010.1004.001 Punch Ferrous metals 26   Perrins A.T. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12 1.5 1.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1004.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1004.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104366 104366 2010.1005.001 Punch Ferrous metals 25   Perrins A.T. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.8 1.4 1.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1005.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1005.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104367 104367 2010.1006.001 Punch Ferrous metals 26   Perrins A.T. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. The struck end shows signs of wear. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11 1.5 1.6       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1006.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1006.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104368 104368 2010.1007.001 Punch Ferrous metals 17   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.6           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1007.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1007.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104369 104369 2010.1008.001 Punch Ferrous metals 25   Perrins A.T. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.2 1.3 1.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1008.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1008.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104370 104370 2010.1009.001 Punch Ferrous metals 13   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.5 2.1 2.3       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1009.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1009.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104371 104371 2010.1010.001 Punch Ferrous metals 3   Dixon Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.1           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1010.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1010.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104372 104372 2010.1011.001 Punch Ferrous metals 25   Perrins A.T. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.9 1.2 1.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1011.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1011.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104373 104373 2010.1012.001 Punch Ferrous metals 5   Dixon Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.8   1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1012.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1012.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104374 104374 2010.1013.001 Punch Ferrous metals 3   Adams Thomas Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.2 1 1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1013.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1013.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104375 104375 2010.1014.001 Punch Ferrous metals 26   Perrins A.T. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.8 1.4 1.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1014.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1014.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104376 104376 2010.1015.001 Punch Ferrous metals 9   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.2 1.4 1.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1015.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1015.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104377 104377 2010.1016.001 Punch Ferrous metals 12   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.4 1.8 1.8       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1016.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1016.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104378 104378 2010.1017.001 Punch Ferrous metals 6   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.6 1.1 1.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1017.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1017.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104379 104379 2010.1018.001 Punch Ferrous metals 25   Perrins A.T. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12 1.4 1.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1018.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1018.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104380 104380 2010.1019.001 Punch Ferrous metals 6   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.8 1.1 1.2       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1019.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1019.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104381 104381 2010.1020.001 Punch Ferrous metals 1   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.6           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1020.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1020.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104382 104382 2010.1021.001 Punch Ferrous metals 11   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.3 1.8 1.7       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1021.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1021.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104383 104383 2010.1022.001 Punch Ferrous metals 8   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.4 1.4 1.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1022.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1022.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104384 104384 2010.1023.001 Punch Ferrous metals 24   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.8 1.3 1.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1023.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1023.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104385 104385 2010.1024.001 Punch Ferrous metals 30   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.6 2.3 2.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1024.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1024.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104386 104386 2010.1025.001 Punch Ferrous metals 19   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.3           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1025.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1025.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104387 104387 2010.1026.001 Punch Ferrous metals 18   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1026.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1026.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104388 104388 2010.1027.001 Punch Ferrous metals 23   Dixon Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.5 1.2 1.3       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1027.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1027.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104389 104389 2010.1028.001 Punch Ferrous metals 18   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.8           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1028.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1028.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104390 104390 2010.1029.001 Punch Ferrous metals 21   Dixon Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12 1 1.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1029.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1029.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104391 104391 2010.1030.001 Punch Ferrous metals 22   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.2 1.1 1.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1030.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1030.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104392 104392 2010.1031.001 Punch Ferrous metals 18   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.4           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1031.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1031.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104393 104393 2010.1032.001 Punch Ferrous metals 28   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12 1.7 2.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1032.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1032.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104394 104394 2010.1033.001 Punch Ferrous metals 36   Adams Thomas Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oblong hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oblong holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.3 2.4 1.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1033.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1033.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104395 104395 2010.1034.001 Punch Ferrous metals 34   Adams Thomas Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oblong hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oblong holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.7 1.7 1.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1034.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1034.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104396 104396 2010.1035.001 Punch Ferrous metals 33   Adams Thomas Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oblong hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make oblong holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.2 1.3         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1035.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1035.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104397 104397 2010.1036.001 Punch nail Ferrous metals     Starrett L.S. Co. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal shaft with a cross-hatch pattern. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. To drive a nail into and below the surface of wood or leather. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 8.8           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1036.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1036.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104398 104398 2010.1037.001 Punch nail Ferrous metals     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal with flat point. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. To drive a nail into and below the surface of wood or leather. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.3           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1037.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1037.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104399 104399 2010.1038.001 Iron pricking Ferrous metals     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal with six teeth. Blackened metal with specks of rust. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Tool with a number of sharpened teeth used for marking where holes should be made for stitching. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.4 3.9 1.3       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1038.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1038.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104400 104400 2010.1039.001 Iron pricking Ferrous metals 2   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal with a zigzag cutting pattern. Metal has specks of rust. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Tool with a number of sharpened teeth used for marking where holes should be made for stitching. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.4 5.4 1.2       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1039.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1039.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104401 104401 2010.1040.001 Iron pricking Ferrous metals     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal with a zigzag cutting pattern. Metal is rusty. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Tool with a number of sharpened teeth used for marking where holes should be made for stitching. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.1 4.3 1.6       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1040.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1040.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104402 104402 2010.1041.001 Racer compass Ferrous metals     Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal mostly polished metal with a few rusty areas. Compass racer has articulated legs; one curved leg with point end and one which ends with a racer knife. Racer knife width is 2.1 cm. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Cuts shallow trenches in leather like racers but have adjustment and are used for round work. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 16.4 6.5 2.7       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1041.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1041.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104403 104403 2010.1042.001 Racer compass Ferrous metals     Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal and covered in rust. Articulated legs are ceased. Compass racer has one straight leg with point end and one which ends with a racer knife. Racer knife width is 1.1 cm. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Cuts shallow trenches in leather like racers but have adjustment and are used for round work. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 16.3 6.8 1.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1042.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1042.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104404 104404 2010.1043.001 Compass Ferrous metals     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Articulated legs are ceased. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history.   Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 16.8 2.3 1.5       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1043.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1043.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104405 104405 2010.1044.001 Racer compass Ferrous metals     Dixon Thomas & Sons Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal covered in rust. Compass racer has a set screw and articulated legs; one curved leg with point end and one which ends with a racer knife. Racer knife width is 1.9 cm. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history.   Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 16.6 6.5 3.4       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1044.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1044.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104406 104406 2010.1045.001 Compass Ferrous metals     Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Articulated legs and set screw. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history.   Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 17.9 6.8 2.7       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1045.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1045.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104407 104407 2010.1046.001 Racer compass Ferrous metals     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal mostly polished with a few rusty areas. Compass racer has articulated legs; one curved leg with pointed end and one which ends with a racer knife. Racer knife width is 1.9 cm. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Cuts shallow trenches in leather like racers but have adjustment and are used for round work. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 16.2 6.7 2.6       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1046.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1046.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104408 104408 2010.1047.001 Punch Ferrous metals 9   Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 10.1 1.1 1.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1047.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1047.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104409 104409 2010.1048.001 Punch Ferrous metals 1   Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 9.3           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1048.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1048.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104410 104410 2010.1049.001 Punch Ferrous metals     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 9.6 1         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1049.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1049.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104411 104411 2010.1050.001 Punch Ferrous metals 6   Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially rusted. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 10.2           http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1050.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1050.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104412 104412 2010.1051.001 Punch Ferrous metals     Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 9.5 1         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1051.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1051.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104413 104413 2010.1052.001 Punch Ferrous metals 7   Unknown Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 9.8 1         http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1052.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1052.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104414 104414 2010.1053.001 Punch strap-end Ferrous metals 1 1/8   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal handle is partially covered in rust the interior of the U shape is completely covered in rust. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to round off the ends of leather straps. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.1 3.7 3.1       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1053.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1053.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104415 104415 2010.1054.001 Punch strap-end Ferrous metals 1   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal handle is partially covered in rust the interior of the U shape is completely covered in rust. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to round off the ends of leather straps. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 12.4 3.3 2.7       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1054.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1054.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  
104416 104416 2010.1055.001 Punch strap-end Ferrous metals 08-May   Dixon J. Unknown     1900 1950 between   1 Ferrous metal handle is partially covered in rust the interior of the U shape is completely covered in rust. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. Used to round off the ends of leather straps. Punch is struck with a mallet. Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Harness & saddle maker Industrial Technology Tools & equipment-trades Leather worker Industrial Technology Tools-Hand Tools metal 11.4 2.3 1.7       http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1055.001.aa.cs.png http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1055.001.aa.cs.thumb.png  

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