artefacts
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| Link | rowid | artifactNumber | ObjectName | GeneralDescription | model | SerialNumber | Manufacturer | ManuCountry | ManuProvince | ManuCity | BeginDate | EndDate | date_qualifier | patent | NumberOfComponents | ArtifactFinish | ContextCanada | ContextFunction | ContextTechnical | group1 | category1 | subcategory1 | group2 | category2 | subcategory2 | group3 | category3 ▲ | subcategory3 | material | Length | Width | Height | Thickness | Weight | Diameter | image | thumbnail | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50155 | 50155 | 1988.0553.001 | Case diskette | SYNTHETIC/ METAL/ PAPER | FLIP FLOPPY | Tab Products Co. | United States of America | California | Palo alto | 1970 | 1989 | circa | 1 | BLACK COVER WITH RED PRINTING/ BLUE 'PAGES' WITH CLEAR HOLDING SECTIONS/ WHITE LABELS WITH RED PRINTING | TO PROVIDE STORAGE FOR COMPUTER DISKS | TYPE SAMPLE OF TYPE OF STORAGE FOR COMPUTER DISKS. | Computing Technology | Digital peripheral devices | Accessories | Industrial Technology | Office equipment | Printing | Typesetting | synthetic;metal;paper | 27 | 23.5 | 4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1988.0553.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1988.0553.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 50156 | 50156 | 1988.0554.001 | Case printwheel | BINDER - CARDSTOCK WITH SYNTHETIC COVERING & METAL HARDWARE | PW-06 | Ring King Visibles Inc. | United States of America | Iowa | Muscatine | 4 | GREY WITH BLACK TRIM; WHITE MOLDED STORAGE SECTION | TO STORE PRINT WHEELS | TYPE SAMPLE | Computing Technology | Digital peripheral devices | Accessories | Industrial Technology | Office equipment | Printing | Typesetting | synthetic;metal | 29.5 | 24.5 | 2 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1988.0554.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1988.0554.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||||
| 50157 | 50157 | 1988.0554.002 | Printwheel | SYNTHETIC | COURIER | Unknown | Unknown | 4 | BLACK WITH WHITE PRINTING | TO PRINT A CHOSEN SYMBOL ON PAPER BY MEANS OF AN INKED TAPE WHEN SIGNAL IS GIVEN FROM A PRINTER. | Computing Technology | Digital peripheral devices | Accessories | Industrial Technology | Office equipment | Printing | Typesetting | synthetic | 1.0 cm | 7.5 cm | ||||||||||||||||||
| 50158 | 50158 | 1988.0554.003 | Printwheel | SYNTHETIC | PRESTIGE ELITE | Unknown | Unknown | 4 | BLACK WITH WHITE PRINTING | TO PRINT A CHOSEN SYMBOL ON PAPER BY MEANS OF AN INKED TAPE WHEN SIGNAL IS GIVEN FROM A PRINTER. | Computing Technology | Digital peripheral devices | Accessories | Industrial Technology | Office equipment | Printing | Typesetting | synthetic | 1.0 cm | 7.5 cm | ||||||||||||||||||
| 50159 | 50159 | 1988.0554.004 | Printwheel | SYNTHETIC | ORATOR | Unknown | Unknown | 4 | BLACK WITH WHITE PRINTING | TO PRINT A CHOSEN SYMBOL ON PAPER BY MEANS OF AN INKED TAPE WHEN SIGNAL IS GIVEN FROM A PRINTER. | Computing Technology | Digital peripheral devices | Accessories | Industrial Technology | Office equipment | Printing | Typesetting | synthetic | 1.0 cm | 7.5 cm | ||||||||||||||||||
| 61826 | 61826 | 1992.1776.001 | Engine dividing | CAST IRON/ STEEL/ BRASS/ SILVER | Brightly Charles H. | United States of America | Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | 1890 | 1 | TABLE EXCEPT TOP SURFACE PAINTED GREY. BRASS SURFACES LACQUERED | USED BY A CANADIAN FIRM IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS. THE FIRM THOMAS POCKLINGTON INSTRUMENTS CO. OF TORONTO BOUGHT THE DIVIDING ENGINE C.1939. IT WAS USED MOST HEAVILY DURING WWII. THE COMPANY WENT INTORECEIVERSHIP IN 1992 [REF.1]. | USED TO DIVIDE THE CIRCULAR SCALES OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS SUCH AS OCTANTS SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS ETC. | A RELATIVELY RARE TYPE OF MACHINE- TO THE END OF THE 19C ONLY ABOUT 50 HAD BEEN MADE. PRECISION REQUIRED WAS 1 TO 40 000 INCH. UNTIL C.1880 DIVIDING ENGINES WERE THE MOST PRECISE MACHINE MADE. AT THAT TIME RELATED MACHINES USED TO EXECUTE SPECTROSCOPIC GRATINGS SURPASSED THIE PRECISION OF SCALE DIVIDING ENGINES [REF.1] | Metrology | Precision tools | Exploration and Survey | Instrument testing equipment | Miscellaneous | Industrial Technology | Tools-Machine | Tools | metal->iron;metal->steel;metal->brass;metal->silver | 160 | 120 | 93 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1992.1776.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1992.1776.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 43824 | 43824 | 1986.0855.001 | Creaser | STEEL BLADE & SHAFT; METAL COLLAR; WOODEN HANDLE | Unknown | Unknown | 1 | TURNED WOOD HANDLE | TO IMPRINT LINES ON SURFACE OF LEATHER BY MEANS OF BLUNT BLADE. THIS IS DONE FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES OR TO PRODUCE A GUIDELINE FOR SEWING. (SALAMAN P.246) | THE SINGLE CREASE CAN BE USED IN AREAS A FENCED CREASE CANNOT IE. IN THE CENTRE OF A LARGE PIECE OF LEATHER OR ON A STRAP. THEY ARE NOT USUALLY HEATED AS ARE OTHER CREASE TOOLS USED TO MARK DARKER HEAVIER OR MORE PERMANENT LINES. | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Shoemaker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal->steel;wood | 15.6 | 4 | 3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1986.0855.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1986.0855.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||||||
| 51110 | 51110 | 1988.1038.001 | Punch set | STEEL PUNCHES/ LEATHER BELT HOLDER WITH METAL HARDWARE | Unknown | Unknown | 13 | PUNCHES PAINTED WHITE ON THREE SIDES AND RED ON ONE SIDE | USED IN CANADA | USED TO IMPRINT A NUMBER OR LETTER ON AN OBJECT BY MEANS OF A HAMMER BLOW ON ONE END | Forestry | Harvesting | Marking | Forestry | Lumbering | Miscellaneous | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal->steel;skin->leather | 100 | 9 | 3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1988.1038.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1988.1038.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||||||
| 57628 | 57628 | 1991.0610.001 | Muller | GLASS | Unknown | Unknown | 6 | ALL GREEN - 'FROSTED' FINISH | OWNED AND USED BY R. FOURNIER A QUEBEC LITHOGRAPHER | USED IN LITHOGRAPHY TO GRAIN A LITHOGRAPHIC PLATE. THIS IS DONE BY GRINDING THE SURFACE WITH SAND UNDER THE MULLER. THE MULLER IS MOVED ABOUT ALL OVER IT IN SMALL CIRCLES. [REF.1]/ MULLERS CAN ALSO BE USED TO GRIND AND MIX PIGMENT INTO PAINT. [REF.2] | Printing | Platemaking | Planographic | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Painter | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | glass | 1.7 | 1.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1991.0610.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/1991.0610.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||||||
| 86236 | 86236 | 2001.0556.001 | Picaroon | wood; iron (?) | MacMillan Bloedel Ltd. | Canada | British columbia | Chemainus | 1983 | before | 1 | Wooden handle (possibly hickory) retains some areas of yellow painted finish; forged iron[?] head | From Mill No. 4 at Chemainus B.C.. Built in 1925 by the Victoria Lumber & Mfg. Co. Mill No. 4 was bought c. 1944 by H.R. MacMillan and operated as a MacMillan business (becoming after 1951 MacMillan Bloedel) until 1982 when it was closed and dismantled. In 1984 a new and modern mill was built in Chemainus: as of 2001 it was still in operation. In social and economic terms. Mill No. 4 represents the apex of industrial development in Chemainus in a sector of paramount importance to both the community and the province. Maximum production was 1 million board feet of lumber over a 24-hr period with three continuous shifts employing a total 1000 people. (The current mill employs 150 people and processes about 450 000 board feet a day) Mill No. 4 was also a part of an industrial continuum with roots dating back to the pioneer period of settlement on Vancouver Island. (Ref. 1) | Used to manipulate a log by pushing and/or pulling it. Specifically this picaroon used to handle cut lumber one piece at a time. | Picaroons (also called Hookaroons) are used by loggers mill workers carpenters rail workers and other trade workers. Picaroons simplify moving logs and other large timbers by hand; they have a number of other uses including removing debris from hazardous locations. Picaroons appear to have been widely used at the Chemainus mill. One page of the 24 page "Employee Information Handbook" advises users how to safely handle a picaroon. The tool appears frequently in photos of workers at MB's Chemainus mill. (ref. 3) This picaroon was made in the Blacksmith's Shop at Chemainus and was one of the last handmade items produced there. Picaroons were used (with pike poles) throughout the mill to clear lumber jams or just to "pull lumber" as in Green chain. The tool was a hooked extension of the hand except safer to introduce into crowded areas. (Ref. 4) | Forestry | Lumbering | Miscellaneous | Forestry | Harvesting | Trimming & cleaning | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | wood->hickory - possible;metal->iron - possible | 47 | 10 | 3.2 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2001.0556.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2001.0556.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 96293 | 96293 | 2004.1612.001 | Gauge marking | cast iron (?) | 85 | Stearns E.C. & Co. | United States of America | New york | Syracuse | 1890 | 1930 | circa | 1 | Cast iron (?) nickel plated. | Part of a collection of hand tools belonging to James Anthony (1883-1966) an English born and trained carpenter who came to Canada c. 1910 and worked in and around Ottawa ON. Following the 1916 fire which destroyed the Parliament buildings and damaged the Library Mr. Anthony was hired as a foreman with the restoration crews. Until 1920 he was involved in the rebuilding of the Peace Tower and the installation of new windows at the Library of Parliament. He later worked with various builders in the Ottawa area retiring in the late1940s. After his death in 1966 the tools were given to his son Jack who in turn donated them to CSTMC. [Ref. 1] | Used to mark the seatings for butt hinges on doors. | When the cutter (or spur) is set for gauging on the edge of the door the cutter on the opposite end of the rod is automatically set for marking from the back of the jamb. (Ref. 3) | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Carpenter | Metrology | Length | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal->cast-iron - possible | 7.1 | 3.9 | 4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2004.1612.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2004.1612.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||
| 99640 | 99640 | 2008.0174.002 | Wrench | Bright silver metal finish. | Exercycle Corp. | United States of America | New york | 1958 | 3 | Bright silver metal finish. | Used for assembling dismantling and/or adjusting an object. This wrench used for assembling .1 Exercycle and manipulating gear oil plug. | Medical Technology | Patient care & aids for the disabled | Miscellaneous | Non-motorized Ground Transportation | Cycles & cycling | Miscellaneous | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 16 | 4.1 | 1.2 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2008.0174.002.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2008.0174.002.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||||
| 99641 | 99641 | 2008.0174.003 | Wrench | Bright silver metal finish. | Exercycle Corp. | United States of America | New york | 1958 | 3 | Bright silver metal finish. | Used for assembling dismantling and/or adjusting an object. This wrench used for assembling and/or adjusting pedals on .1 Exercycle. | Medical Technology | Patient care & aids for the disabled | Miscellaneous | Non-motorized Ground Transportation | Cycles & cycling | Miscellaneous | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 13.2 | 3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2008.0174.003.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2008.0174.003.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||||||
| 102323 | 102323 | 2009.0360.001 | Screwdriver | Bright silver metal slot head screwdriver has octagonal-shaped distal end; midsection is ribbed to improve grip. | 3 | Unknown | Japan | 1 | Bright silver metal slot head screwdriver has octagonal-shaped distal end; midsection is ribbed to improve grip. | Among items owned and used by Fred Phipps a professional photographer based in Toronto and employed by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Mr. Phipps studied photography at Ryerson Polytechnic Institute. Running short of funds he left the program before graduation in January 1957 to take a job with the CBC photography department. He remained with the CBC for almost 35 years during which he worked as a staff photographer and as National Photo Editor. After retirement in 1992 he continued to produce photos for the CBC as a freelancer. Over his long career Mr. Phipps completed thousands of portraits and candid photos of CBC personalities and productions (e.g. David Suzuki Foster Hewitt Joe Schlesinger Front Page Challenge The Beachcombers Friendly Giant Mr. Dressup Seeing Things). These were circulated to print media for publicity purposes or were used internally as “ID slides” for on-air program promotion. Attracted by the Leica’s reputation for craftsmanship and excellent optics Mr. Phipps purchased his M4-P around 1982 from Toronto Camera Exchange (Rutherford Photographic). Although Mr. Phipps was also using Nikon and Hasselblad SLRs at the time he liked his MP-4 for use in the television studio because its quiet operation (without winder) was less likely to be picked up by microphones. This was a feature that Leica promoted in its marketing of the M4-P. With its bright high contrast viewfinder and fitted with the Summilux 35 mm f/1.4 lens the camera was also excellent for shooting in available studio light where a flash would again have been disruptive. Offering a wide angle of view and good depth of field the Summilux was his preferred lens for candid studio shots where he wished to show the performers in context. Its optics were so good that a 35 mm negative could be enlarged to 16x20 inches with minimal grain. [Ref. 1] | Used to insert and tighten or to remove miniature slot-head screws by applying pressure while turning them. | This jeweller's screwdriver presumably used for fine adjustment of camera equipment. | Photography | Still camera accessories | Miscellaneous | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Jewellery maker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 8.6 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2009.0360.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2009.0360.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||||||
| 103266 | 103266 | 2010.0493.002 | Handle edge shave | Wooden handle brass ferrule | 5 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | circa | 2 | Wooden handle with a brown finish. The handle has two sets of three lines incised for decoration. There is a brass ferrule at the end of the handle. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used for shaving and smoothing edges. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal->brass;wood | 14 | 3.2 | 3.2 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0493.002.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0493.002.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 103290 | 103290 | 2010.0517.001 | Creaser edge | Wooden handle leather strip string metal shank and head. | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | circa | 1 | Wooden handle with a brown finish. A strip of leather string is wrapped around the handle and metal shank and is fastened by a silver nail. There is a curved metal shank and head. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used for making ornamental lines. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal->;wood->;skin->leather;fibre | 13.8 | 3 | 4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0517.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0517.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 103737 | 103737 | 2010.0717.002 | Die | metal | M2 | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 4 | Polished silver. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used with the rivet setter. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 2.5 | 1.6 cm | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.002.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.002.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 103738 | 103738 | 2010.0717.003 | Die | metal | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 4 | Polished silver. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used with the rivet setter. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 1.6 | 1.5 cm | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.003.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.003.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 103739 | 103739 | 2010.0717.004 | Die | metal | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 4 | Polished silver. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used with the rivet setter. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 3.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.004.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0717.004.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||||
| 103740 | 103740 | 2010.0718.001 | Machine skiving | metal | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Cast metal with evidence of black lacquer. Metal is corroded. Brass roller. Shredded newspaper glued to one side of a leg. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to split layers of leather into even thicknesses. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 31.5 | 13 | 21.8 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0718.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0718.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 103741 | 103741 | 2010.0719.001 | Machine skiving | metal | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Cast metal with evidence of black lacquer. Metal is corroded. Brass roller. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to split layers of leather into even thicknesses. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 18.5 | 11 | 19 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0719.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0719.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104324 | 104324 | 2010.0976.001 | Setter rivet | Ferrous metal. | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal covered in a thin layer of rust. Riveting end is partially covered in rust and has a small hole to fit over rivet head and a concave groove. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | To burr and dome a rivet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 10.4 | 2.7 | 2.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0976.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0976.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104325 | 104325 | 2010.0977.001 | Setter rivet | Ferrous metal. | 1 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal covered in a thin layer of rust. Riveting end is partially covered in rust and has a small hole to fit over rivet head. Octagonal shaped shank. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | To burr and dome a rivet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 10.2 | 1.6 | 1.5 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0977.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0977.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104326 | 104326 | 2010.0978.001 | Setter rivet | Ferrous metal. | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal covered in a thin layer of rust. Riveting end is partially covered in rust and has a concave groove. Octagonal shaped shank. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | To burr and dome a rivet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 10.4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0978.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0978.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104327 | 104327 | 2010.0979.001 | Punch | Ferrous metal. | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal covered in a thin layer of rust. Rounded point at one end and a striking head at the other. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 6.9 | 1.5 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0979.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0979.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||||
| 104328 | 104328 | 2010.0980.001 | Punch button-hole | Ferrous metal. | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Tear-shaped hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Cuts a tear-shaped button hole with a slit to one side. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.6 | 2.4 | 1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0980.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0980.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104329 | 104329 | 2010.0981.001 | Punch button-hole | Ferrous metal. | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Cuts a round button hole with a slit to one side. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.7 | 2.6 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0981.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0981.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104330 | 104330 | 2010.0982.001 | Punch button-hole | Ferrous metal. | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Pear-shaped hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Cuts a pear-shaped button hole with a slit to one side. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.4 | 2.1 | 1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0982.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0982.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104331 | 104331 | 2010.0983.001 | Punch button-hole | Ferrous metal. | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Cuts a round button hole with a slit to one side. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.4 | 1.9 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0983.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0983.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104332 | 104332 | 2010.0984.001 | Punch | Ferrous metal. | 21 | Adams Thomas | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0984.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0984.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104333 | 104333 | 2010.0985.001 | Punch | Ferrous metal. | 11 | Adams Thomas | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal mostly covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0985.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0985.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104334 | 104334 | 2010.0986.001 | Punch | Ferrous metal. | 30 | Adams Thomas | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal mostly covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.5 | 2 | 2.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0986.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0986.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104335 | 104335 | 2010.0987.001 | Punch | Ferrous metal. | 20 | Adams Thomas | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0987.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0987.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104336 | 104336 | 2010.0988.001 | Punch | Ferrous metal. | 26 | Adams Thomas | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0988.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0988.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104337 | 104337 | 2010.0989.001 | Punch | Ferrous metal. | 30 | Adams Thomas | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal with a few rust spots. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.7 | 1.8 | 2.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0989.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0989.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104338 | 104338 | 2010.0990.001 | Pliers | Ferrous metal. | Unknown | Germany | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous silver metal. Articulated arms. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.1 | 4.7 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0990.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0990.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||||
| 104339 | 104339 | 2010.0991.001 | Pliers | Ferrous metal possibly nickel plated. | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous silver metal possibly nickel plated. Articulated arms; one end is a slot screwdriver tip and the other has a punch tip. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Specialized tool in harness making. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal->nickel - possible | 11.2 | 4.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0991.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0991.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104340 | 104340 | 2010.0992.001 | Pliers | Ferrous metal | 2 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Blackened ferrous metal with some rust spots. Articulated arms. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Specialized tool in harness making. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 16 | 4.9 | 1.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0992.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0992.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104341 | 104341 | 2010.0993.001 | Pliers | Ferrous metal | Osborne C.S. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Blackened ferrous metal with mostly covered in rust. Articulated arms. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Specialized tool in harness making. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 15.6 | 4.4 | 1.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0993.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0993.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104342 | 104342 | 2010.0994.001 | Punch pliers | Ferrous metal | Bernard | SCHOLLHORN W. CO. | United States of America | Connecticut | New haven | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Blackened ferrous metal. Articulated arms. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to punch holes in leather. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 20.2 | 10 | 1.6 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0994.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0994.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||
| 104360 | 104360 | 2010.0999.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 0 | Dixon Thomas & Sons | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.8 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0999.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.0999.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104361 | 104361 | 2010.1000.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 25 | Perrins A.T. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.9 | 1.4 | 1.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1000.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1000.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104362 | 104362 | 2010.1001.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 31 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.6 | 2.1 | 2.5 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1001.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1001.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104363 | 104363 | 2010.1002.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 29 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1002.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1002.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104364 | 104364 | 2010.1003.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 25 | Perrins A.T. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.8 | 1.3 | 1.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1003.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1003.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104365 | 104365 | 2010.1004.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 26 | Perrins A.T. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12 | 1.5 | 1.5 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1004.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1004.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104366 | 104366 | 2010.1005.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 25 | Perrins A.T. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1005.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1005.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104367 | 104367 | 2010.1006.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 26 | Perrins A.T. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. The struck end shows signs of wear. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11 | 1.5 | 1.6 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1006.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1006.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104368 | 104368 | 2010.1007.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 17 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.6 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1007.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1007.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104369 | 104369 | 2010.1008.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 25 | Perrins A.T. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1008.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1008.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104370 | 104370 | 2010.1009.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 13 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.5 | 2.1 | 2.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1009.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1009.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104371 | 104371 | 2010.1010.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 3 | Dixon | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1010.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1010.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104372 | 104372 | 2010.1011.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 25 | Perrins A.T. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.9 | 1.2 | 1.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1011.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1011.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104373 | 104373 | 2010.1012.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 5 | Dixon | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.8 | 1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1012.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1012.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104374 | 104374 | 2010.1013.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 3 | Adams Thomas | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.2 | 1 | 1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1013.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1013.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104375 | 104375 | 2010.1014.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 26 | Perrins A.T. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.8 | 1.4 | 1.5 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1014.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1014.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104376 | 104376 | 2010.1015.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 9 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1015.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1015.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104377 | 104377 | 2010.1016.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 12 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.4 | 1.8 | 1.8 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1016.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1016.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104378 | 104378 | 2010.1017.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 6 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.6 | 1.1 | 1.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1017.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1017.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104379 | 104379 | 2010.1018.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 25 | Perrins A.T. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12 | 1.4 | 1.5 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1018.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1018.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104380 | 104380 | 2010.1019.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 6 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1019.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1019.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104381 | 104381 | 2010.1020.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 1 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.6 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1020.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1020.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104382 | 104382 | 2010.1021.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 11 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.3 | 1.8 | 1.7 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1021.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1021.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104383 | 104383 | 2010.1022.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 8 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1022.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1022.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104384 | 104384 | 2010.1023.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 24 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.8 | 1.3 | 1.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1023.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1023.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104385 | 104385 | 2010.1024.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 30 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1024.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1024.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104386 | 104386 | 2010.1025.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 19 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1025.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1025.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104387 | 104387 | 2010.1026.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 18 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1026.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1026.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104388 | 104388 | 2010.1027.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 23 | Dixon | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1027.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1027.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104389 | 104389 | 2010.1028.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 18 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.8 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1028.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1028.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104390 | 104390 | 2010.1029.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 21 | Dixon | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12 | 1 | 1.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1029.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1029.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104391 | 104391 | 2010.1030.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 22 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1030.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1030.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104392 | 104392 | 2010.1031.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 18 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1031.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1031.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104393 | 104393 | 2010.1032.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 28 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oval hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oval holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12 | 1.7 | 2.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1032.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1032.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104394 | 104394 | 2010.1033.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 36 | Adams Thomas | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oblong hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oblong holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.3 | 2.4 | 1.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1033.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1033.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104395 | 104395 | 2010.1034.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 34 | Adams Thomas | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oblong hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oblong holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.7 | 1.7 | 1.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1034.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1034.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104396 | 104396 | 2010.1035.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 33 | Adams Thomas | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Machining marks all over punch. Oblong hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make oblong holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.2 | 1.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1035.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1035.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104397 | 104397 | 2010.1036.001 | Punch nail | Ferrous metals | Starrett L.S. Co. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal shaft with a cross-hatch pattern. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | To drive a nail into and below the surface of wood or leather. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 8.8 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1036.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1036.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||||
| 104398 | 104398 | 2010.1037.001 | Punch nail | Ferrous metals | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal with flat point. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | To drive a nail into and below the surface of wood or leather. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1037.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1037.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||||
| 104399 | 104399 | 2010.1038.001 | Iron pricking | Ferrous metals | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal with six teeth. Blackened metal with specks of rust. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Tool with a number of sharpened teeth used for marking where holes should be made for stitching. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.4 | 3.9 | 1.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1038.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1038.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104400 | 104400 | 2010.1039.001 | Iron pricking | Ferrous metals | 2 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal with a zigzag cutting pattern. Metal has specks of rust. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Tool with a number of sharpened teeth used for marking where holes should be made for stitching. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.4 | 5.4 | 1.2 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1039.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1039.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104401 | 104401 | 2010.1040.001 | Iron pricking | Ferrous metals | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal with a zigzag cutting pattern. Metal is rusty. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Tool with a number of sharpened teeth used for marking where holes should be made for stitching. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.1 | 4.3 | 1.6 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1040.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1040.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104402 | 104402 | 2010.1041.001 | Racer compass | Ferrous metals | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal mostly polished metal with a few rusty areas. Compass racer has articulated legs; one curved leg with point end and one which ends with a racer knife. Racer knife width is 2.1 cm. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Cuts shallow trenches in leather like racers but have adjustment and are used for round work. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 16.4 | 6.5 | 2.7 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1041.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1041.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104403 | 104403 | 2010.1042.001 | Racer compass | Ferrous metals | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal and covered in rust. Articulated legs are ceased. Compass racer has one straight leg with point end and one which ends with a racer knife. Racer knife width is 1.1 cm. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Cuts shallow trenches in leather like racers but have adjustment and are used for round work. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 16.3 | 6.8 | 1.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1042.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1042.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104404 | 104404 | 2010.1043.001 | Compass | Ferrous metals | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Articulated legs are ceased. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 16.8 | 2.3 | 1.5 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1043.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1043.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104405 | 104405 | 2010.1044.001 | Racer compass | Ferrous metals | Dixon Thomas & Sons | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal covered in rust. Compass racer has a set screw and articulated legs; one curved leg with point end and one which ends with a racer knife. Racer knife width is 1.9 cm. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 16.6 | 6.5 | 3.4 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1044.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1044.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104406 | 104406 | 2010.1045.001 | Compass | Ferrous metals | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Articulated legs and set screw. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 17.9 | 6.8 | 2.7 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1045.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1045.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104407 | 104407 | 2010.1046.001 | Racer compass | Ferrous metals | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal mostly polished with a few rusty areas. Compass racer has articulated legs; one curved leg with pointed end and one which ends with a racer knife. Racer knife width is 1.9 cm. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Cuts shallow trenches in leather like racers but have adjustment and are used for round work. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 16.2 | 6.7 | 2.6 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1046.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1046.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104408 | 104408 | 2010.1047.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 9 | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 10.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1047.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1047.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104409 | 104409 | 2010.1048.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 1 | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 9.3 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1048.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1048.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104410 | 104410 | 2010.1049.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 9.6 | 1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1049.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1049.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104411 | 104411 | 2010.1050.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 6 | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially rusted. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 10.2 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1050.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1050.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104412 | 104412 | 2010.1051.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 9.5 | 1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1051.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1051.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||||
| 104413 | 104413 | 2010.1052.001 | Punch | Ferrous metals | 7 | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal partially covered in rust. Round hole. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to make round holes in leather. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 9.8 | 1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1052.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1052.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | |||||||||
| 104414 | 104414 | 2010.1053.001 | Punch strap-end | Ferrous metals | 1 1/8 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal handle is partially covered in rust the interior of the U shape is completely covered in rust. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to round off the ends of leather straps. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.1 | 3.7 | 3.1 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1053.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1053.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104415 | 104415 | 2010.1054.001 | Punch strap-end | Ferrous metals | 1 | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal handle is partially covered in rust the interior of the U shape is completely covered in rust. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to round off the ends of leather straps. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.4 | 3.3 | 2.7 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1054.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1054.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104416 | 104416 | 2010.1055.001 | Punch strap-end | Ferrous metals | 08-May | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal handle is partially covered in rust the interior of the U shape is completely covered in rust. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to round off the ends of leather straps. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 11.4 | 2.3 | 1.7 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1055.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1055.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104417 | 104417 | 2010.1056.001 | Punch strap-end | Ferrous metals | 02-Jan | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal handle is partially covered in rust the interior of the U shape is completely covered in rust. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to round off the ends of leather straps. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.1 | 2.1 | 1.8 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1056.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1056.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104418 | 104418 | 2010.1057.001 | Punch strap-end | Ferrous metals | 08-Jul | Dixon J. | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Ferrous metal handle and interior of the U shape is partially covered in rust. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used to round off the ends of leather straps. Punch is struck with a mallet. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 12.2 | 3.1 | 2.6 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1057.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1057.001.aa.cs.thumb.png | ||||||||
| 104431 | 104431 | 2010.1063.001 | Wrench | Ferrous metal. | Unknown | Unknown | 1900 | 1950 | between | 1 | Blackened ferrous metal; pitted and rusted. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: Through the Bithell story we see the cohesiveness of Montreal¬ís English-speaking enclaves at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Bithell¬ís first store was located on Beaver Hall Hill at the outer edge of the ¬ìSquare Mile ¬î the home of Montreal¬ís Anglophone elite who headed many of Canada¬ís major businesses and institutions. His clientele most likely included many of the area¬ís residents who as Margaret Westley notes preferred to ¬ìshop at stores owned and operated by fellow Scots and Englishmen¬î and who¬ís favourite past time included horse riding horse driving polo and frequenting the Montreal Hunt Club. The relocation of their various businesses across the city also reflected this cohesion as they tended to set up their shops in or in close proximity to these Anglophone enclaves. The story tells us about Montreal at a time when it was the industrial and commercial centre of Canada and from the perspective of skilled tradesmen who worked in what was quickly becoming a dying trade. The adoption of the automobile redefined personal transportation as its increasing popularity began reducing the need for horses and buggies and consequently the need for saddle and harness makers. In this way the Bithells were part of an important aspect of Canada¬ís economical social and cultural history. | Used in the making of horse harnesses saddles and other leather goods. | Taken from acquisition proposal Reference 1: In the 1850s many industries started to transition from craft production to small-scale manufacturing to mechanized industry which saw the use of heavy costly machinery rather than smaller hand tools. At this time Montreal¬ís leather industry was starting to grow exponentially and by the 1890s the Montreal market for leather goods was considered one of the largest in Canada dominated largely by shoe production. At this time the leather industry consisted of different modes of production that co-existed. The most predominant were artisanal production ¬ìputting-out¬î where men and women did stitching work from home and factory production. Leather production in artisanal shops such as those in Montreal¬ís tanning district of Saint Henri started to give way to ¬ìputting out¬î by the 1850s. In the shoe industry both ¬ìputting out¬î and artisanal shoemaking were in decline by the 1870s replaced by factory or mechanized production. Montreal had dominated Canadian saddle production in particular with an estimated 23 mostly small and artisanal saddle manufacturers in 1871. The situation changed very little in 1881 as the industry was described as being ¬ìstocked with workman.¬î Gregory Kealey notes that harness and saddle making were less affected by mechanization than other trades such as shoemaking which could explain the relative success of the trade at this time. Saddlery and harness making were also considered prestigious trades compared to other forms of leather work because of the time required to learn and master the trade. By the 1920s Montreal had begun to loose its status as a preeminent manufacturing centre in Quebec and Canada. Saddle making also began to die off and most of what was left of the industry was centred in Ontario. Nonetheless by the end of the Second World War the leather industry along with food clothing textile wood and tobacco made up 54.2 per cent of Quebec¬ís industrial labour force and 48.6 percent of the total value of ind… | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Harness & saddle maker | Industrial Technology | Tools & equipment-trades | Leather worker | Industrial Technology | Tools-Hand | Tools | metal | 17.5 | 4.6 | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1063.001.aa.cs.png | http://source.techno-science.ca/artifacts-artefacts/images/2010.1063.001.aa.cs.thumb.png |
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CREATE TABLE [artefacts] ( [artifactNumber] TEXT, [ObjectName] TEXT, [GeneralDescription] TEXT, [model] TEXT, [SerialNumber] TEXT, [Manufacturer] TEXT, [ManuCountry] TEXT, [ManuProvince] TEXT, [ManuCity] TEXT, [BeginDate] TEXT, [EndDate] TEXT, [date_qualifier] TEXT, [patent] TEXT, [NumberOfComponents] TEXT, [ArtifactFinish] TEXT, [ContextCanada] TEXT, [ContextFunction] TEXT, [ContextTechnical] TEXT, [group1] TEXT, [category1] TEXT, [subcategory1] TEXT, [group2] TEXT, [category2] TEXT, [subcategory2] TEXT, [group3] TEXT, [category3] TEXT, [subcategory3] TEXT, [material] TEXT, [Length] TEXT, [Width] TEXT, [Height] TEXT, [Thickness] TEXT, [Weight] TEXT, [Diameter] TEXT, [image] TEXT, [thumbnail] TEXT, [] TEXT );